Lord of the Flies Quotes Explained

Lord of the Flies, William Goldings classic novel about English schoolboys marooned on a deserted island, is a powerful examination of human nature. The following Lord of the Flies quotes illustrate the novels central issues and themes. Quotes About Order and Civilization â€Å"Weve got to have rules and obey them. After all, were not savages. Were English, and the English are best at everything. So weve got to do the right things.† (Chapter 2) This quote, spoken by Jack, serves two purposes in the novel. First, it demonstrates the boys initial dedication to hav[ing] rules and obey[ing] them. They have grown up in English society, and they assume that their new society will be modeled after it. They elect their leader democratically, establish a protocol for speaking and being heard, and assign jobs. They express a desire to do the right things. Later in the novel, the boys descend into chaos. They become the so-called savages that Jack mentions, and Jack is instrumental in this transformation, which brings us to the second purpose of the quote: irony. The more we learn about Jacks increasing sadism, the more absurd this early quote seems. Perhaps Jack never believed in rules in the first place and simply said whatever he needed to say to gain authority on the island. Or, perhaps his belief in order was so superficial that it disappeared after only a short time, making way for his true violent nature to emerge. â€Å"Roger gathered a handful of stones and began to throw them. Yet there was a space round Henry, perhaps six yards in diameter, into which he dare not throw. Here, invisible yet strong, was the taboo of the old life. Round the squatting child was the protection of parents and school and policemen and the law.† (Chapter 4) In this quote, we see how the rules of society influence the boys at the start of their time on the island. Indeed, their initial period of cooperation and organization is fueled by the memory of the old life, where authority figures implemented punishment in response to misbehavior. Yet, this quote also foreshadows the violence that later erupts on the island. Roger refrains from throwing rocks at Henry not because of his own morals or conscience, but because of the memory of societys rules: the protection of parents and school and policemen and the law. This statement underscores Golding’s view of human nature as fundamentally uncivilized, restrained only by external authorities and societal restrictions. Quotes About Evil â€Å"Fancy thinking the Beast was something you could hunt and kill!† (Chapter 8) In this quote, Simon realizes that the the Beast the boys fear is, in fact, the boys themselves. They are their own monsters. In this scene, Simon is hallucinating, so he believes that this statement is made by the Lord of the Flies. However, it is actually Simon himself who has this revelation. Simon represents spirituality in the novel. (In fact, Goldings first draft made Simon an explicitly Christ-like figure.) He is the only character who seems to have a clear sense of right and wrong. He acts according to his conscience, rather than behaving out of fear of consequences or a desire to protect the rules. It makes sense that Simon, as the novels moral figure, is the boy who realizes the evil on the island was the boys own making. â€Å"Im frightened. Of us.† (Chapter 10) Simons revelation is proved tragically correct when he is killed at the hands of the other boys, who hear his frenzy and attack, thinking that he is the Beast. Even Ralph and Piggy, the two most stalwart supporters of order and civilization, are swept up in the panic and take part in Simon’s murder. This quote, spoken by Ralph, highlights just how far the boys have descended into chaos. Ralph is a firm believer in the power of rules to maintain order, but in this statement, he seems uncertain of whether rules can save the boys from themselves. Quotes About Reality [Jack] looked in astonishment, no longer at himself but at an awesome stranger. He spilt the water and leapt to his feet, laughing excitedly. ... He began to dance and his laughter became a bloodthirsty snarling. He capered toward Bill, and the mask was a thing on its own, behind which Jack hid, liberated from shame and self-consciousness. (Chapter 4) This quote marks the beginning of Jacks ascent to power on the island. In this scene, Jack is looking at his own reflection after painting his face with clay and charcoal. This physical transformation gives Jack a sense of freedom from shame and self-consciousness, and his boyish laughter quickly becomes bloodthirsty snarling. This shift parallels Jacks equally bloodthirsty behavior; he becomes increasingly sadistic and brutal as he gains power over the other boys. A few lines later, Jack gives a command to some of the boys, who quickly obey because the Mask compelled them. The Mask is an illusion of Jacks own creation, but on the island the Mask becomes a thing on its own that conveys authority to Jack. â€Å"The tears began to flow and sobs shook him. He gave himself up to them now for the first time on the island; great, shuddering spasms of grief that seemed to wrench his whole body. His voice rose under the black smoke before the burning wreckage of the island; and infected by that emotion, the other little boys began to shake and sob too. And in the middle of them, with filthy body, matted hair, and unwiped nose, Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of mans heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy.† (Chapter 12) Just prior to this scene, the boys have set the fire ablaze and are on the verge of murdering Ralph. However, before they can do so, a ship appears, and a naval captain arrives on the island. The boys immediately burst into tears. Instantly the trappings of Jack’s fierce hunting tribe are gone, any effort to harm Ralph ends, and the boys are children again. Their violent conflicts end abruptly, like a game of pretend. The islands societal structure felt powerfully real, and it even led to several deaths. Nevertheless, that society evaporates instantly as another more powerful social order (the adult world, the military, British society) takes its place, suggesting that perhaps all societal organization is equally as tenuous.

The European Union International Politics And Its Future...

Established in 1887, the European Union (EU) was initially created as a means to protect and defend peace and facilitate economic recovery after the end of World War Two throughout the six original members states; France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands. Since its conception, the EU has become a significant player in the global arena, economically, politically and also in the form of humanitarian and environmental aid and assistance around the world, currently providing 60% of the worlds development assistance ( Michel, 2007, pg. 23). The question of whether the European union is a significant global actor however, needs firstly to take into consideration the very definition of the European Union as a global entity, and also the definition of the area of ‘actorness’. Once clarified, this essay will argue that the EU’s global presence, capability as an institution in international politics and its future opportunity all demonstrate the EUâ⠂¬â„¢s capabilities as a significant global actor in the global political arena. On the 9th August, 2005 at the Die Zeit summer school, Hamburg, Olli Ilmari Rehn who served as European Commissioner from 2004-2014 made a speech titled â€Å"The European Union as a Global Actor?† in which he stated, â€Å" I strongly believe that the EU’s creation of a rules-based framework that is respected worldwide makes Europe a global actor.† From a realist or traditional perspective, states have been prioritised as the only significant globalShow MoreRelatedThe Western Civilization1106 Words   |  5 Pagesthe military is an inescapable means to resolve international issues. 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Dividend Policy of BP Free Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Carefully examine why the reduction in or omission of BPs dividend may harm Shareholders. Answer: A dividend is the amount that us paid by the companies to its shareholders. This is mainly the part of the profits. When the corporation earns a profit over and above its expense, the company usually invests the same in the business and this is known as the retained earnings. The company pays a portion of that profit to its shareholders as dividend. The distribution of that money to the shareholders could either be in cash or in case, the company has a dividend reinvestment plan, then the amount could be paid by the issue of the further shares or by share repurchase ("Dividend Calendar for May 08, 2017", 2017). The dividend is paid on the basis of the fixed amount on each share with the shareholders receiving the dividend in the proportion of their shareholding. In case, the joint stock company, the dividend that are paid by the company to the shareholders forms the part of the after tax profit amongst the shareholders. The retained earnings are mainly shown in the equity section of the shareholders on the balance sheet of the company and forms the part of the issued share capital (Levitt et al., 2017). The dividend paid are the corporate profits that are distributed to the shareholders. The factors that affects the payment of the dividend includes the factors like the profitability of the company, the needs of the capital, the trends in the stock price and the expectations of the investors. Any company must act in the best interest of its shareholders so that the decisions regarding the dividend considers the impact of the same on the business of the company, its share price and the value of the shareholders investment. Profitability: this is the single major factor for the company. Any company that earns profits, must pay dividend to its shareholders. The more amount of profit the company generates, the more it is able to afford the pay out in the form of the dividends. In case the company is going through some financial difficulties, then the company cannot afford the dividend amounts. The accumulating losses could hamper the existence of the company and hence, in order to survive the company will have to stop paying dividend. Capital Needs: the company could use the profits in many ways. It could reinvest the profits back into the business so that it could grow or expand. It could acquire another business or buy back its own stock so that it could boost up the stock price. The addressing of all these needs would act as a balancing act whose outcome leads to the determination of the way the amount of the profit would be paid as dividend and the way in which the corporate needs could also be addressed. Investor Expectations: the companies know their base of the investors. They actually know the investors that olds their stocks and why they hold their stock. There are investors that are conservative, as in, they are more income oriented who would like to buy the stocks so that they pay the generous incomes and increase the same over the period of time. The companies try to maintain the predictable dividend policies so that the investors are happy and they do not sell the stocks since too much selling of the stocks could lead to the decrease in the price of the stock in the market. There are companies that borrow money in order to maintain the dividend at the current level so that the investors are happy. Dividend Coverage: the company make ensure that the dividend is enough so that the investors are happy but not too excessive. This is so that the company could continue its existence. The ratios of the current profits of the company to the current amount of the dividend is mainly known as the dividend coverage and the ratio of the current profits is called dividend pay-out ratio. Enhancing Shareholder Value: the increase in the amount that is payable to the shareholders in the terms of the dividend is much more valuable to the investors that are inclined towards paying more. This is mainly due to the fact that the decrease in the amount of the dividend is the sign of decrease in the amounts of the profits that the company is earnings or the company is facing some of the financial difficulties. The amount of the dividend that is paid by the company affects the price of the stock and is much more than the actual amount of the dividend. Many a companies often pay smaller amounts of the dividends so that the stock price increases periodically ("Dividend Payment Factors", 2017). The following are further factors that affects the dividend policy: Type of the industry: the nature of the industry to which the company belongs plays a vital role when it comes to deciding on the policy of dividend. When the industries are stable, then those companies could adopt a more stable dividend policy as opposed to the company that are considered to not stable. Or when the earnings of the company are considered to be uncertain and uneven. These companies have a conservative approach when it comes to paying the dividend. Structure of the ownership: the company that has a higher holdings of the promoters would always prefer to a lower amount of the divined since paying dividends could lead to a reduction in the value of the stock but in the case of a high institutional ownership, a high dividend pay-out is recommended since it helps in increasing the control over the management of the company. Age of the company: the companies that are newly formed would like to retain the majority of their earnings with themselves so that they can retain the same for further growth and expansion. They would also follow the conservative policy like the companies that are not established that pays a higher amount of the dividends form their retained earnings. The extent of the distribution of shares: any company that has an increased number of shareholders would always never agree to a conservative policy of dividends. On the other hand, the company which is closely held would have an increased chances of finalising the conservative dividend pay-outs ("17 Factors affecting Dividend Policy: Profitability, Industry, Ownership, etc", 2017). Difference in the expectations of the shareholders: this factor includes the diversity in the type of the shareholders that the company has. A different group of the shareholders would have different expectations whereas a retired shareholders would have a different requirement of being a wealthy investor. Leverage: the company would have more leverage in the financial structure and also be frequent when it comes to paying the interest. This would help in deciding the lower amount of the dividend pay-out. But when the company utilises the retained earnings, then the company would prefer to pay the higher amounts of the dividend. Future of the financial requirements: the dividend pay-out would depend upon the future requirements of the company for the additional capital. The company would have a profitable investment opportunity when the company is justified in terms of the retained earnings. But the company that has no internal or external capital requirements must opt for a higher amount of the dividend ("10 Most Important Determinants of Dividend Policy | Financial Management", 2017) Business cycles: when the company is going through a boom period, then it is obvious that the company would save up for the recession period. Growth: the companies that have a higher growth rate would reflect the same in the annual growth of sales and the ratio of the retained earnings to equity and also a return on the net worth and that would prefer the higher dividend pay outs that would keep the investors happy. The change in the government policy would also lead to the different dividend policy of the company. If the company earns a profit, then it would pay dividend, otherwise not. The following are the advantages for paying dividend to the shareholders: It keeps the investors happy ("7 Biggest Benefits and Drawbacks of Dividend Investing | Wealthy Education", 2017) The investors always would prefer certainty in the amounts of the dividend when compared with the higher amounts of the capital gains in the future. The investors would always prefer the company that has a track of record of dividend since it reflect stability for the company. The investors could go without selling the stock if he is paid a regular dividend A company that is mature may or may not have the attractive venues for reinvesting the cash could also have the expenses that are related with the research and development. In such a case, the investors would always prefer to pay the company excess cash so that the same could be reinvested for the higher returns. When the company makes the announcement of paying the dividend, then it gives a string signal about the future prospects of the company and this leads to an increase in the share price of the stock ("Advantages and Disadvantages of Paying Dividends | Kibin", 2017). The following are the disadvantages of paying dividends: There is a loss of the investors of the company if the company is not able to pay dividends over a period of time ("Advantages and Disadvantages of Stable Dividend Policy", 2017) When the company pays dividend, the retained earnings decrease and hence, the debt obligations and the expected expenses could rise and the company may not have enough ash for the same. The paying off the dividend would lead to the reduction in the amount of the cash that is usable and also this limits the growth of the company. The paying off the dividends requires a lot of record keeping in the books of accounts of the company. The company does this in order to make sure that the right owner of the share receives the dividend (Mason, 2017). The decision of not paying the dividends comes after weeks of speculation over the fate of the annual payment. This hurt the major pension plan since the pay-out accounts to about one sixth of the dividend of the blue chip companies in the UK. The shares of the company fell to 46 pc when the Deepwater Horizon rig sank and this was followed by the explosion which killed 11 workers of the company. The president of the US then stated that any loss would be borne by BP ("BP to Cut its Shareholder Dividend?", 2017). The various pension experts stated that the companys decision of cutting down the dividend would blow up the company but the same should not be taken out of the proportion. In respect of this decision, the people that are already drawing pension would not have such an impact. For the people saving for their pensions, it would hit them hard since they are the ones that would suffer in the longer run. The people that would hit hard are the people that are approaching their retirements and they would not have any money that they would be able to convert into money or pension straight away ("corporate law", 2017) The shareholders of the company will be pension funds. Hence, when the company not to pay the dividends, that would harm the investors. The pension funds today only have about 25% of their funds invested in the shares of the UK, which is mainly in the FTSE 100 index. The remaining amount is in the overseas shares and bonds. The National Association of pension funds indicates that the larger amount of the UK pension industry indicates 1.5% of the money of the members being invested in the company. The shareholders could use the same sort of the rough arithmetic on the income of the dividend. For every, 1 in every 7 of dividend income from FTSE, About 100 companies comes from BP. the company accounts for about 8% of the total pension fund of UK. The company is more likely to feature into the wide range of the most popular investments from the FTSE 100 index tracker funds. These are much far away and away from the most popular type of the investment in the shares when it comes to the unit trusts and the funds of the child trusts ("BP crisis: The impact on your savings and investments - BBC News", 2017). References: 7 Biggest Benefits and Drawbacks of Dividend Investing | Wealthy Education. (2017).Wealthy Education. Retrieved 8 May 2017, from https://wealthyeducation.com/benefits-and-drawbacks-of-dividend-investing/ 10 Most Important Determinants of Dividend Policy | Financial Management. (2017).YourArticleLibrary.com: The Next Generation Library. Retrieved 8 May 2017, from https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/financial-management/10-most-important-determinants-of-dividend-policy-financial-management/26237/ 17 Factors affecting Dividend Policy: Profitability, Industry, Ownership, etc. (2017).eFinanceManagement. Retrieved 8 May 2017, from https://efinancemanagement.com/dividend-decisions/factors-affecting-dividend-policy Advantages and Disadvantages of Paying Dividends | Kibin. (2017).Kibin.com. Retrieved 8 May 2017, from https://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-paying-dividends-qrmUt36m Advantages and Disadvantages of Stable Dividend Policy. (2017).Essays, Research Papers and Articles on Business Management. Retrieved 8 May 2017, from https://www.businessmanagementideas.com/financial-management/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-stable-dividend-policy/3992 BP crisis: The impact on your savings and investments - BBC News. (2017).BBC News. Retrieved 8 May 2017, from https://www.bbc.com/news/10293829 BP to Cut its Shareholder Dividend?. (2017).Wealthdaily.com. Retrieved 8 May 2017, from https://www.wealthdaily.com/articles/bp-to-cut-its-shareholder-dividend/2536 corporate law. (2017).Lexisnexis.com. Retrieved 8 May 2017, from https://www.lexisnexis.com/ap/pg/indiacompanieslaw/document/424411/5JMM-V3H1-F0G9-R250-00000-00/Payment_of_dividend_on_preference_shares_overview Dividend Calendar for May 08, 2017. (2017).NASDAQ.com. Retrieved 8 May 2017, from https://www.nasdaq.com/dividend-stocks/dividend-calendar.aspx Dividend Payment Factors. (2017).The Finance Base. Retrieved 8 May 2017, from https://thefinancebase.com/dividend-payment-factors-2470.html Levitt, A., Levitt, A., Roy, T., Roy, T., Bourgi, S., Levitt, A. et al. (2017).Dividend.com - Dividend Stocks - Ratings, News, and Opinion.Dividend.com. Retrieved 8 May 2017, from https://www.dividend.com/ Mason, J. (2017).Oil spill: BP suspends dividend to pay for $20bn clean-up fund.Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 8 May 2017, from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/oilandgas/7834096/Oil-spill-BP-suspends-dividend-to-pay-for-20bn-clean-up-fund.html

Introduction Essays - Exercise Physiology, Anabolic Steroids

Introduction Steroids are hormonal substances, naturally produced in the body by the adrenal glands above the kidney and by reproductive organs. There are many different types of steroids and they all have different effects on the body. Some types of steroids have been found to help destroy some types of cancer cells, and can make more effective. This fact sheet describes steroids, how they are given and some of the side effects that may occur. Common types of steroids that are used in cancer treatment are: hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, methylprednisolone and prednisolone. Dexamethasone is also used in low doses as an anti-sickness drug. In this case it is usually only given for short periods of time and the side effects described in this fact sheet will not necessarily apply. It is important to remember that each persons reaction to any drug is unique and some people have very few side effects. The effects will also vary according to the dose of the steroid that you are having and may be different if you are also receiving other drugs. We have outlined the commonest and less common side effects, so you can be aware of them if they occur. However, we have not included those which are very rare and therefore extremely unlikely to affect you. If you do notice any effects which you think may be due to the drug, but which are not listed in the fact sheet, please discuss these with your doctor or nurse. You will have regular appointments with your doctor to monitor the effect of the steroids. This fact sheet should help you to discuss any queries about your treatment and its side effects with your doctor or chemotherapy nurse. They can help and advise you. What steroids look like A clear fluid after being dissolved from powder, or tablets. The color and dose of the tablets depends on the type of steroid used. Soluble tablets are available for people who have difficulty in swallowing. How they are given The fluid is given by injection into a muscle (intra muscular) or vein (intravenous). If the steroids are given intravenously a small tube (cannula) will be inserted into the vein, and the steroids are given either as a quick injection through the tube or as a drip which takes about 30 minutes. They may be given through a central line which is inserted under the skin into a large vein near the collarbone. The tablets are swallowed with plenty of water. They may need to be taken at set times each day or may be given in short courses. Possible side effects Irritation of the stomach lining. Steroids can increase the production of stomach acid and lower the production of protective stomach mucus. This can irritate the lining of the stomach and may cause or aggravate a stomach ulcer. To reduce this side effect the tablets should be taken with meals or milk. Tell your doctor if you have indigestion, stomach pains or abdominal discomfort. The levels of sugar in your blood may change temporarily. This may happen if you have high-dose or long-term treatment. While you are having your steroid therapy your blood sugar levels will be checked regularly by blood tests. You may be asked to test your urine for sugar. You will be shown how to do this. Tell your doctor if you get very thirsty or if you are passing more urine than usual. Fluid retention due to changed salt and water balance. You may notice that your ankles and/or fingers swell. Some people have a bloated feeling in the abdomen. This is usually only a problem with long-term treatment. Increased appetite. You may notice that you feel than usual while taking steroids, and this can make you want to eat more than usual. If you are concerned about weight gain speak to your doctor or contact CancerBACUPs information service. Increased chance of infection and delayed healing of injuries. This happens mainly with high-dose or long-term treatment. Tell your doctor if you notice signs of infection (inflammation, redness, soreness or a temperature) or if cuts take longer than usual to heal. It is important to maintain good personal hygiene to prevent infection. Menstrual changes.